Tuesday, April 22, 2008

Complications and Prevention of Pertussis

PCL 08 - Nobody is Immune
Amber Hartley

Possible Complications of Pertussis
  • Convulsions and encephalopathy (These can also be complications of being immunised against pertussis, however they occur in lower frequency than after pertussis itself.)
  • Pneumonia
  • Atelectasis (reduction or absence of air in part or all of a lung, with resulting loss of lung volume)
  • Rectal prolapse
  • Inguinal hernia
  • Cerebral anoxia, especially in young children
  • Bronchiectasis
  • dehydration

Prevention of Pertussis

  • Fairly easily controlled, by isolation of affected individuals
  • Immunisation is highly recommended, and usually very effective (90% in those who have 3 doses), but can wear off.
  • Prophylactic erythromycin can be given to susceptible infants exposed to the disease
  • Experts estimate that non-immunised family members living with someone suffering from pertussis have an 80% chance of contracting it themselves.
  • After 3 weeks with pertussis symptoms, the sufferer is much less contagious. Usually, sufferers are considered to be completely non-contagious 6 weeks after first exhibiting pertussis symptoms.
  • Asthmatics appear to be more susceptible to pertussis than non-asthmatics.

References

Kumar and Clark (2005), “Clinical Medicine.” 6th edition. Elsevier Saunders Publishing.

http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/health-pubhlth-strateg-communic-factsheets-pertuss.htm

http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/whooping_cough.html

http://www.who.int/immunization/topics/wer8004pertussis_Jan_2005.pdf

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